Chapter 17
What were the differences between industrialization in the United States and that in Russia?
American industrialization involved free market trade without the guidance or intervention of the state government. Contrary to Russian industrialization where manufacturing was state government-owned and regulated. This is one of the biggest differences since Russia was communist and America was capitalist which meant one was a free market where anyone can own a business and the other all business and manufacturing were state-owned. America took a free approach allowing entrepreneurs and Russia took overreaching totalitarian where the oligarchy, not the people reaped the benefits. Due to free trade practices,this allowed workers to have a voice and form unions in order to demand better working conditions and higher wages. Unlike Russia,as these practices were looked down upon and usually lead to imprisonment or death. America allows its citizens to protest and demand reasonable legislation,unlike Russia where such acts are often prohibited. Another major difference is in idealogy as Russia followed a Marxist form of socialism which gave ultimate power to the state limiting the power of the worker in attempts to redistribute wealth. Overall the biggest difference is that America privatized business and trade and Russia made it state-owned.
How did the Industrial Revolution transform British society?
The Industrial Revolution transformed British society by decreasing the aristocracy. This was done as the wealth of business owner and middle-class people increased due to newly conceived opportunities brought forth with manufacturing. By the end of the century, land ownership had largely ceased to be the basis of great wealth, and businessmen, rather than aristocrats, led the major political parties. Another transformation due to the revolution was on the middle class. The middle class was now comprised of businessmen and other professionals needed in day to day life such as doctors. The middle class also turned to liberalistic views leading to “Reform Bill of 1832” which broadened the right to vote for many men of the middle class but not to middle-class women. This, in turn, bettered the standard of living in Britain.
What was common to industrialization everywhere, and in what ways did it vary from place to place?
A common thing of industrialization was urbanizations since new technology allowed the construction of modern cities, which lead to globalization. The standard of living was also increased as things such as electricity and telecommunication were implemented in their respective early forms. As for Europe specifically, the Industrial revolution made a massive change in their societal hierarchy are more opportunities to advance were now given to middle and low-class people. These opportunities allowed people to rise in wealth classes reshuffling the social classes of Europe. The industrial revolution in the US began with a rural agrarian society that was transformed into an industrial economy. This lead to urbanization and massive cities such as New York, which in turn became massive global trade centers. In Latin America, the economy was defined by the export of raw materials to supply factories and the workforces of the United States and Europe. This was the way Europe and Amerca were able to sustain and supply their massive manufacturing industries.
American industrialization involved free market trade without the guidance or intervention of the state government. Contrary to Russian industrialization where manufacturing was state government-owned and regulated. This is one of the biggest differences since Russia was communist and America was capitalist which meant one was a free market where anyone can own a business and the other all business and manufacturing were state-owned. America took a free approach allowing entrepreneurs and Russia took overreaching totalitarian where the oligarchy, not the people reaped the benefits. Due to free trade practices,this allowed workers to have a voice and form unions in order to demand better working conditions and higher wages. Unlike Russia,as these practices were looked down upon and usually lead to imprisonment or death. America allows its citizens to protest and demand reasonable legislation,unlike Russia where such acts are often prohibited. Another major difference is in idealogy as Russia followed a Marxist form of socialism which gave ultimate power to the state limiting the power of the worker in attempts to redistribute wealth. Overall the biggest difference is that America privatized business and trade and Russia made it state-owned.
How did the Industrial Revolution transform British society?
The Industrial Revolution transformed British society by decreasing the aristocracy. This was done as the wealth of business owner and middle-class people increased due to newly conceived opportunities brought forth with manufacturing. By the end of the century, land ownership had largely ceased to be the basis of great wealth, and businessmen, rather than aristocrats, led the major political parties. Another transformation due to the revolution was on the middle class. The middle class was now comprised of businessmen and other professionals needed in day to day life such as doctors. The middle class also turned to liberalistic views leading to “Reform Bill of 1832” which broadened the right to vote for many men of the middle class but not to middle-class women. This, in turn, bettered the standard of living in Britain.
What was common to industrialization everywhere, and in what ways did it vary from place to place?
A common thing of industrialization was urbanizations since new technology allowed the construction of modern cities, which lead to globalization. The standard of living was also increased as things such as electricity and telecommunication were implemented in their respective early forms. As for Europe specifically, the Industrial revolution made a massive change in their societal hierarchy are more opportunities to advance were now given to middle and low-class people. These opportunities allowed people to rise in wealth classes reshuffling the social classes of Europe. The industrial revolution in the US began with a rural agrarian society that was transformed into an industrial economy. This lead to urbanization and massive cities such as New York, which in turn became massive global trade centers. In Latin America, the economy was defined by the export of raw materials to supply factories and the workforces of the United States and Europe. This was the way Europe and Amerca were able to sustain and supply their massive manufacturing industries.
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